105 BC Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri and the Teutoni, Germanic tribes, inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus.

68 BC Battle of Artaxata: Roman General Lucullus averts the bad omen of this day by defeating Tigranes the Great of Armenia.

1683 13 Mennonite families from Germany found Germantown, Philadelphia

1783 Benjamin Hanks patents self-winding clock

1853 The 4th National Women's Rights Convention opens in Cleveland, Ohio

1863 Dr Charles H Sheppard opens 1st public bath, in Brooklyn

1866 The 1st train robbery in US by the Reno Brothers Gang.  $13,000 taken from the Ohio and Mississippi railroad train in Jackson County, Indiana

1876 American Library Association organized in Philadelphia

1884 Naval War College forms in Newport, Rhode Island

1890 General Conference of the Latter-day Saints outlaws polygamy

1893 Nabisco Foods invents Cream of Wheat

1917 WW I-Battle of Passchendaele: Canadian troops capture the village of Passchendaele in the Third Battle of Ypres, after 250,000 casualties on both sides

1918 HMS troop ship Otranto sinks between Scotland & Ireland in a storm.  It was ferrying 1,025 US and British troops, 470 troops die

1921 Century Theater opens at 7th Ave & 59th St NYC (demolished 1962)

1921 International PEN, a worldwide association of writers is founded in London

1935 Market Street Railway, San Francisco, starts using trackless trolley coaches

1940 Zoological Gardens opens at Sloat & Skyline Boulevards in San Francisco, California

1945 US General Eisenhower welcomed in The Hague (on Hitler's train)

1948 Earthquake in Ashgabat kills 100,000 in the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic

1948 Paleoanthropologist Mary Leakey finds the first partial fossil skull of Proconsul africanus, an ancestor of apes and humans on Rusinga Island, Kenya

1949 US President Harry Truman signs Mutual Defense Assistance Act (for NATO)

1952 Agatha Christie's play "The Mousetrap" opens in London (still running)

1956 Scientist Albert Sabin announces that his oral polio vaccine is ready for testing; it would soon supplant Jonas Salk's vaccine in many parts of the world

1961 JFK advises Americans to build fallout shelters

1966 LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is first declared illegal in state of California, other states follow

1966 Partial meltdown at Detroit’s Fermi 1 fast breeder nuclear reactor

1967 Haight-Ashbury (San Francisco) hippies throw a funeral for "Hippie" to mark end of "the summer of love"

1973 Yom Kippur War begins as Syria & Egypt attack Israel

1976 Mao Zedong's widow Jiang Qing and other members of the "Gang of Four" are arrested and charged with plotting a coup, often considered the end of the Cultural Revolution

1978 Hannah H Gray inaugurated as 1st female head of a US university (Chicago)

1979 Pope John Paul II is 1st Pope to visit The White House, meeting with President Jimmy Carter in Washington, D.C.

1990 NASA’s Solar Polar Orbiter 'Ulysses' launched for study the Sun at all latitudes

1990 US 67th manned space mission STS 41 (Discovery 11) launches into orbit

1996 Lois & Clark (fictional Superman characters) wed

2001 UK talent show "Pop Idol" debuts, created by Simon Fuller with judges Simon Cowell, Pete Waterman. Start of a worldwide Idol franchise.

2008 NASA’s robotic space probe MESSENGER performs a second Mercury flyby

2010 Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger launch social media app Instagram

2018 Brett Kavanaugh is confirmed and sworn onto the US Supreme Court

2019 Tens of thousands of Hong Kong protesters march in defiance of a new ban on face masks

2023 New research confirms fossil footprints 23,000-21,000 years old at White Sands National Park, New Mexico, probably the oldest evidence of humans in the Americas