3114 BC Date Maya/Mesoamerican Long Count Calendar starts dating from (as corresponds to the Julian Calendar)

394 Battle of Frigidus in Northern Italy: forces of Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius I defeat those of Western Emperor Eugenius

1492 Christopher Columbus' fleet leaves Gomera, Canary islands

1522 Ferdinand Magellan's Spanish expedition, now led by Juan Sebastián Elcano, returns to Seville without their captain after a three-year epic voyage, becoming the first to circumnavigate the globe

1595 A polar bear attacks and kills a member of the Second Dutch Expedition to the Arctic on Stateneiland (northern Russia)

1622 Spanish silver fleet disappears off Florida Keys; 1,000s die

1628 Puritans from Massachusetts Bay Colony land at Salem

1651 King Charles II of England spends a day hiding in an oak tree during his escape after losing the Battle of Worcester

1666 After St Paul's Cathedral and much of the city are burned down over four days, the Great Fire of London is finally extinguished

1669 The siege of Candia, on Crete, ends with the Venetian fortress surrendering to the Ottomans - second-longest siege in history (began 1648)

1675 Swedish admiral Stenbock sails out with fleet of 66 ships for control of the Southern Baltic

1716 1st lighthouse built in north America (Boston)

1776 1st (failed) submarine attack: David Bushnell's "Turtle" attacks British sailboat "Eagle" in Bay of NY

1776 Hurricane hits Martinique; 100 French and Dutch ships sink; 600 die

1781 The Battle of Groton Heights, Connecticut, takes place, resulting a British victory.

1819 American inventor Thomas Blanchard from Springfield, Massachusetts, patents lathe and pioneered the assembly line style of mass production

1837 Oberlin Collegiate Institute of Ohio goes co-ed (4 women, 30 men)

1839 Cherokee Nation unites and ratifies constitution at Tahlequah, Oklahoma

1839 Great fire in New York City, which helped shape NYC in what it is today

1848 National Black Convention meets in Cleveland for a 3 day convention

1862 Stonewall Jackson occupies Frederick, Maryland

1866 Frederick Douglass is 1st US black delegate to a national convention

1869 After 83 hours, the1st westbound train, The Transcontinental Express, train arrives in San Francisco

1869 The Avondale Mine disaster was a massive fire at the Avondale Colliery near Plymouth Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, kill 110 workers

1873 Regular Cable Car service begins on Clay Street, San Francisco

1876 Southern Pacific railroad line from Los Angeles to San Francisco is completed in California

1899 Carnation processes its first can of evaporated milk

1899 US Secretary of State John Hay publishes his "Open Door note" calling for equality of commercial opportunity for foreigners in China

1901 US President William McKinley is shot and assassinated by anarchist Leon Czolgosz, while visiting the Pan-American Exposition in New York

25th US President William McKinley

1905 Atlanta Life Insurance Company forms

1905 General Trade journal publishes 1st Dutch photo (train accident)

1909 New York Times headline announces American explorer Robert Peary discovered the North Pole 5 months earlier (now thought unlikely)

1914 World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins, French and British forces prevent the German advance on Paris

1916 First true supermarket, "Piggly Wiggly" is established by Clarence Saunders in Memphis, Tennessee, grand opening is delayed by construction until the 11^th

1924 Assassination attempt on Benito Mussolini fails

1928 The Soviet Union signs the Kellogg–Briand Pact with the US.  It one of many efforts to prevent another World War

1939 1st German air attack on Great Britain in WW II

1941 All Jews over age 6 in German territories ordered to wear a star

1943 "Congressional Limited" train derails near Frankfort, Philadelphia, kills 79.  The Congressional was the premier day train connecting New York City with Washington DC. It catered to businessmen, politicians and government people as well as travelers in the northeast corridor

1952 Canadian TV begins in Montreal

1954 Two Soviet Migs shot down a US Navy bomber into the Sea of Japan off Siberia

1970 Palestinians seize 3 airliners

1975 6.8 quake along Anatolian Fault kills over 2,000 in Lice, Turkey

1976 "The Robert MacNeil Report" becomes "The MacNeil-Lehrer Report" (currently known as "PBS NewsHour") on PBS

1976 Russian pilot Belenko defects to Japan in a Mig 25 jet

1982 Polish dissidents seize Polish Embassy in Bern, Switzerland

1983 Soviet Union admits that it shot down the South Korean airliner KAL 007 on September 1^st

1984 Today Show begins live remote telecasts from Moscow

1989 A Paris Police computer error accuses 41,000 Parisians of murder/prostitution

1991 The name Saint Petersburg is restored to Russia's second largest city, which had been renamed Leningrad in 1924.

1991 USSR recognizes the independence of the 3 Baltic republics (Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania)

1995 US Senate Ethics committee votes 6-0 to ask for expulsion of Senator Bob Packwood for allegations of sexual abuse

1997 Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales held at Westminster Abbey in London

2006 "New Moon" second book in Stephenie Meyer's "Twilight Saga" is published by Little Brown, sells 5.3 million copies (2015)

2018 Remains of 166 people, 2 years old, found in mass grave in Veracruz state, Mexico

2020 Strain of Bacteria nicknamed "Conan the Bacterium' survives three years attached to the International Space Station in open space

2020 Strain of Bacteria nicknamed "Conan the Bacterium' survives three years attached to the International Space Station in open space

2023 Russian daytime missile attack on a Ukrainian market in Kostyantynivka kills 17 civilians