306 Constantine I is proclaimed Roman Emperor by his troops

864 The Edict of Pistres of Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings, western France

1120 Large fire in church of Saint Madeleine of Vézelay, Central France, kills a thousand pilgrims and seriously damages the church

1261 Constantinople recaptured by Nicaean forces under Alexios Strategopoulos for Emperor Michael VIII, re-establishing Byzantine Empire

1360 Jews are expelled from Breslau, Silesia, Province of Prussia

1446 Foundation stone laid for King's College Chapel in Cambridge by King Henry VI, one of England's finest medieval buildings (main structure complete 1515)

1519 San Cristobal de la Habana (Havana) forms in Cuba

1538 The City of Guayaquil, Ecuador, is founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil

1567 Don Diego de Losada founds the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, modern-day Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela

1585 Amsterdam bans 45 Roman Catholics

1609 Admiral George Somers scuttles the "Sea Venture" in eastern Bermuda, the storm damaged flagship of the London Company bound for Jamestown, Virginia. Survivors construct two new ships and continue on to re-supply the embattled colony.

1670 Austrian Emperor Leopold I expels 4,000 Jews from Vienna

1722 The Three Years War begins along the Maine and Massachusetts border

1729 North Carolina becomes a royal colony

1758 Seven Years' War: the island battery at Fortress Louisbourg in Nova Scotia is silenced and all French warships are destroyed or taken

1759 British capture Fort Niagara from French (7 Years' War)

1775 Maryland issues currency depicting George III trampling Magna Carta

1814 Battle of Niagara Falls (Lundy's Lane), bloodiest battle of the War of 1812 ends in a stalemate between invading American army and Canadian and British forces

1814 English engineer George Stephenson introduces his first steam locomotive, a travelling engine designed for hauling coal on the Killingworth wagonway named Blücher

1832 1st railroad accident in US, Granite Railway, Quincy, Massachusetts, kills 1

1837 The first commercial use of an electric telegraph successfully demonstrated by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone between Euston and Camden Town in London

1850 Gold discovered in Oregon (Rogue River)

1853 Joaquin Murrieta, the famous Californian bandit known as "Robin Hood of El Dorado", is killed by California Rangers

1854 Walter Hunt is awarded the first U.S. patent for a paper shirt collar

1860 1st US intercollegiate billiard match (Harvard vs Yale)

1861 Washington, D.C. - The Crittenden–Johnson Resolution was proposed in the United States Congress early in the American Civil War, as a conciliatory message to the slave states assuring them that the Northern war effort was not aimed at interfering with their rights, but solely at restoring the Union.

1866 David Faragut appointed as 1st admiral in US Navy

1866 Ulysses S. Grant named 1st General of Army

1868 US Congress forms Wyoming Territory (Dakota, Utah & Idaho)

1871 Carousel patented by Wilhelm Schneider, Davenport, Iowa

1897 Writer Jack London sails to join the Klondike Gold Rush where he will write his first successful stories

1898 1st US troops land & occupy Puerto Rico, at Guanica Bay

1908 Ajinomoto Co. is founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers a key ingredient in Konbu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG), patents a process for manufacturing it.  It is one of the five basic tastes along with sweet, bitter, sour and salty.

1916 Explosion at Lake Erie and Cleveland Waterworks Tunnel, 10 dead, 13 missing

1917 Sir Thomas Whyte introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).

1918 Annette Adams sworn in as 1st woman district attorney of US, California

1936 115 acre Orchard Beach opens in the Bronx

1941 FDR bans selling benzine/gasoline to Japan

1943 1st warship named after an African American launched - USS Leonard Roy Harmon, a Buckley class destroyer

1944 1st jet fighter used in combat (Messerschmitt 262)

1952 Puerto Rico becomes a self-governing US commonwealth (Constitution Day)

1953 NYC transit fare rises from 10 cents to 15 cents, 1st use of subway tokens

1956 46 die in collision of the SS Andrea Doria and the MS Stockholm off the coast of Nantucket

1961 In a speech, US President John F. Kennedy emphasizes that any attack on Berlin is an attack on NATO

1963 US, Russia & Britain sign nuclear Test ban treaty

1967 Construction begins on San Francisco MUNI METRO (Market Street subway)

1969 Edward Kennedy pleads guilty to leaving scene of an accident a week after the Chappaquiddick car accident that killed Mary Jo Kopechne

1978 The Cerro Maravilla Incident occurs.  Also known as the Cerro Maravilla massacre, occurred at Cerro Maravilla, a mountain in Ponce, Puerto Rico, where two young Puerto Rican pro-independence activists of the Armed Revolutionary Movement, were murdered in a Puerto Rico Police ambush.

1983 1st non-human primate (baboon) conceived in a lab dish, San Antonio

1983 Washington Public Power Supply System defaulted $2.25 billion

1992 Army refused to overturn 127-year-old conviction against Dr Mudd, who conspired with John Wilkes Booth to assassinate President Lincoln

1994 Jordan and Israeli end 46 year state of war (Washington, D.C.)

1997 Scientists announce the first human stem cells to be cultured in a laboratory using tissue taken from aborted human embryos

2000 Air France Flight 4590, a Concorde supersonic passenger jet, F-BTSC, crashes just after takeoff from Paris killing all 109 aboard and 4 on the ground.

2014 Palestinian officials call for a "Day of Rage" in the West Bank and within Israel against Israel's operation against Gaza; Israeli Defense Force prepares for protests

2016 Verizon announces $4.83 billion purchase of Yahoo

2018 Liquid lake found on Mars under its South Pole by European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter reported in "Science"

2019 US Justice department announces resumption of use of the death penalty, scheduling five executions

2023 Scientists say crucial Atlantic ocean current near collapse - the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation could reach its tipping point middle of this century

2023 President Biden signs proclamation establishing the Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument, located at two sites in Mississippi and one in Illinois; Emmett was a Black teen abducted and murdered in 1955 while vacationing in Mississippi, his mother Mamie pushed for civil rights legislation after his death