311 Roman Emperor Galerius issues Edict of Toleration, ending persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire

313 Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule

711 Islamic conquest of Iberia: Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn-Ziyad land at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula

1349 Jewish community of Radolfzell, Germany, exterminated

1483 Orbital calculations suggest that on this day, Pluto moved inside Neptune's orbit until July 23, 1503

1492 Christopher Columbus is given royal commission by Spanish monarchs Isabella I and Ferdinand II to equip his fleet to the New World

1492 Spain announces it will expel all Jews

1562 Jean Ribault and colonists arrive in Florida, the first French colonists in North America

1563 Jews are expelled from France by order of Charles VI

1661 Tsjeng Tsj'eng-Kung begins siege of Dutch fort Zeelandia, Formosa.  The siege of Fort Zeelandia of 1661–1662 ended the Dutch East India Company's rule over Taiwan and began the Kingdom of Tungning's rule over the island

1789 George Washington is inaugurated as the first President of the United States of America at Federal Hall in NYC

1798 US Department of the Navy forms

1803 Chancellor Robert Livingston and James Monroe sign Louisiana Purchase Treaty in Paris at a cost of 15 million dollars, doubles the size of the USA

1808 1st practical typewriter finished by Italian Pellegrini Turri

1812 (Eastern) Louisiana admitted as 18th US state

1857 San Jose State University forms

1859 Charles Dickens' "A Tale of Two Cities" is first published in literary periodical "All the Year Round" (weekly installments until Nov 26)

1860 Navaho Indians attack Fort Defiance (Canby).  about 1,000 Navajo warriors assaulted the United States Army garrison of Fort Defiance in New Mexico Territory, now within present day Arizona

1861 US President Abraham Lincoln orders Federal Troops to evacuate Indian Territory (US Civil War)

1864 New York becomes 1st state to charge a hunting license fee

1869 Hawaiian YMCA organized

1871 The Camp Grant Massacre of Apache Indians in Arizona Territory is committed by American  and Mexican adventurers, 144 die

1880 The Metropolitan Museum's new premises opens at its current site at Fifth Avenue and 82nd Street designed by Calvert Vaux and Jacob Wrey

1889 1st US national holiday, on centennial of Washington's inauguration

1897 English physicist and head of the Cavendish laboratory J. J. Thomson announces his discovery of the electron in a lecture to the Royal Institution

1900 The "Hawaiian Organic Act" is enacted by US Congress making Hawaii a US territory

1904 Ice cream cone makes its debut at St. Louis World's Fair invented by Ernest A. Hamwi (independently of other claimant Italo Marchiony in NY)

1907 Honolulu, Hawaii, becomes an independent city.

1916 Germany ratifies bill bringing in Daylight Saving Time - first country in the world

1925 Automaker Dodge Brothers, Inc is sold to Dillon, Read & Company for $146 million plus $50 million for charity

1940 Air New Zealand then known as TEAL makes its inaugural flight with a flight from Auckland to Sydney. Later becomes 1st airline in the world to boil hot water in-flight to offer customers hot tea and coffee.

1942 1st submarine built on Great Lakes launched, (Peto), Manitowoc, Wisconsin

1945 Adolf Hitler commits suicide along with his new wife Eva Braun in the Fuhrerbunker in Berlin as the Red Army captures the city

1947 Boulder Dam renamed in honor of Herbert Hoover

1948 Organization of American States, Pan-American treaty, charter signed at Bogotá, Colombia

1955 Element atomic number 101, Mendelevium, announced

1961 1st shuttle flights between Washington, D.C., Boston & NYC begin (Eastern)

1975 North Vietnamese troops capture Saigon, ending the Vietnam War

1976 The Betsy Ross Bridge, spanning the Delaware River from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Pennsauken, New Jersey opens

1984 1,700 skiers participate in an alpine event at Are, Sweden

1988 NY Knights 1st arena football game beats Cobras 60-52 (10,157 in LA)

1988 The then largest banana split ever, at 4.5 miles long, is made along Market Street in Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania

1988 World Exposition, Expo 88 opens in Brisbane Australia

1989 World Wide Web (WWW) is first launched in the public domain by CERN scientist Tim Berners-Lee

1995 After 120 years the last 15 US Brooklyn based A & S department stores close

1996 US President Clinton approves the sale of $227 million of crude oil from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve; US gas prices are at their highest levels in 5 years

2001 US Vice President Cheney calls for increased domestic production of fossil fuels and increased usage of nuclear power to meet America's energy demand

2007 German Chancellor Angela Merkel officially hands over the Waldseemüller Map (oldest known document to name America) to the US Library of Congress

2009 Chrysler automobile company files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy

2012 The unfinished One World Trade Center overtakes the Empire State building to become the tallest building in New York

2013 Apple offers the largest bond offering from a private company of 17 Billion

2013 Hannah Warren, who was born without a trachea, at 2, becomes the youngest patient to receive a stem cell bioengineered organ

2019 New type of dementia identified and named limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (Late) after misdiagnosed as Alzheimer's disease

2022 Jacky Hunt-Broersma sets world record for running 104 consecutive marathons in 104 days, after surviving cancer and with a prosthetic leg.